Impacto do tratamento com laser fracionado de CO2 em cicatrizes hipertróficas e queloides: uma revisão sistemática / Impact of fractional CO2 laser treatment on hypertrophic scars and keloids: a systematic review

Introdução: Cicatrizes hipertróficas e queloides causam dano estético e funcional e são de difícil tratamento. O objetivo desta revisão foi identificar estudos prospectivos do tratamento com o laser fracionado de CO2, mostrando as alterações clínicas e histológicas e a metodologia utilizada para a avaliação das cicatrizes antes e após intervenção. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão eletrônica (LILACS, Medline e SciELO) de estudos publicados entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2017, com os termos "keloid/queloide", "hypertrophic scar/cicatriz hipertrófica" e "laser CO2", de acordo com o PRISMA Statement, sendo selecionados os estudos que comparassem as cicatrizes antes e depois de tratamento isolado com laser fracionado de CO2. Os dados foram analisados por dois revisores independentes. Resultados: Foram analisados 102 artigos, sendo que 7 cumpriam os critérios estabelecidos. Destes, os 7 analisaram cicatrizes hipertróficas, 2 deles também analisaram queloides, e 3 estudaram alterações histológicas. Houve diferença estatística entre os escores clínicos medidos antes e após tratamento de cicatrizes hipertróficas na maioria dos estudos, com melhora nos sintomas, na flexibilidade e altura da cicatriz. Entre os 2 estudos que analisaram os queloides, 1 deles demonstrou diferença clínica após tratamento. Nas alterações histológicas, houve diferença na orientação e densidade das fibras de colágeno e na espessura da epiderme. Conclusão: O laser fracionado de CO2 deve ser considerado como opção promissora no tratamento de cicatrizes patológicas, visto que melhora os sinais e sintomas clínicos como cor, espessura e prurido.

Introduction: Hypertrophic scars and keloids cause aesthetic and functional damages, and are difficult to treat. This review aimed to identify prospective studies on fractional CO2 laser to present the clinical and histological changes and the methodology used for the evaluation of scars before and after intervention. Methods: We conducted an electronic review (LILACS, Medline, and SciELO) of studies published between January 2004 and December 2017, using the search terms "keloid/queloide," "hypertrophic scar/cicatriz hipertrófica," and "CO2 laser ," according to the PRISMA Statement. Studies that compared scars before and after isolated treatment with fractional CO2 laser were selected. Two independent reviewers analyzed the data. Results: One hundred two articles were analyzed, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria. Of the 7 articles, all analyzed hypertrophic scars, 2 analyzed keloids in addition to hypertrophic scars, and 3 analyzed histological changes. Most studies showed a statistically significant difference in clinical scores between before and after treatment of hypertrophic scars, with improvement in symptoms, flexibility, and scar height. Between the 2 studies that analyzed keloids, 1 reported a clinical difference after treatment. The histological changes showed significant differences in the orientation and density of the collagen fibers, and in the thickness of the epidermis. Conclusion: The use of fractional CO2 laser should be considered as a promising treatment option for pathological scars, as it improves clinical signs and symptoms such as color, thickness, and pruritus.

Evaluation of Kindlin-1 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression in primary cutaneous malignant melanoma: a clinical series

Background: The capacity for prognostic prediction of cutaneous melanoma, one of the most aggressive cancers, is still difficult due to the tumor heterogeneity and lack of reliable tumor markers. The objective of this study is to correlate, through immunohistochemistry, a Ki-67 and Kindlin-1 staining in malignant melanomas with the prognosis of the disease. Methods: A historical cohort study. Immunohistochemistry, using mouse anti-human Kindlin-1 and Ki-67 monoclonal antibodies, was performed using tissue blocks from primary cutaneous melanoma patients treated between 2006 and 2014 at our institution. Information regarding pathological data and outcomes were retrieved from medical records. Statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS version 18.0. Results: Thirty patients were included. The median age was from 50.93 ± 15.31 years old. The expression of Ki-67 was detected in all patients with primary cutaneous melanoma, while Kindlin-1 was negative in two. Kindlin expression was not significantly correlated with Ki-67 expression by Spearman's rank correlation analysis (P = 0.46), as well as the expression of both markers and the clinical stage (P = 0.34 and 0.18, respectively). Breslow, Clark and mitotic rate were significantly correlated with AJCC stage (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Other studies investigating clinical evolution are needed to further test the potential of these markers as possible prognostic markers (AU)

Ruptura espontânea para cavidade abdominal de pseudocisto pancreático e seu tratamento / Spontaneous rupture of pancreatic pseudocyst and its treatment: a case report

O pseudocisto de pâncreas é caracterizado como uma coleção fluida rica em enzimas pancreáticas circundada por tecido de fibrose e granulação, sendo mais comum nos casos de pancreatite crônica e, também, na etiologia alcóolica da doença. Sua indicação cirúrgica se baseia nos casos assintomáticos que não tendem à regressão e nas suas complicações. Entre elas, bastante rara, destaca-se a ruptura espontânea do pseudocisto de maneira livre para cavidade abdominal. Relatamos aqui um caso de ruptura espontânea para cavidade abdominal de pseudocisto pancreático com quadro clínico de abdome agudo com pneumoperitônio no raio-x, que foi tratado com drenagem externa do mesmo para a parede abdominal. Apesar de cada vez mais consagrado o tratamento dessa patologia por via endoscópica ou percutânea, relatamos aqui um raro caso aonde a conduta cirúrgica se tornou imperativa, sendo bastante útil para os cirurgiões.

Pseudocyst of the pancreas is characterized as a fluid collection rich in pancreatic enzymes surrounded by fibrotic tissue and granulation, being more common in cases of chronic pancreatitis. Its surgical indication is based on the asymptomatic cases that do not tend to regression and on its complications. Among them, though very rare, there is spontaneous rupture of the pseudocyst freely into the abdominal cavity. Here we report a case of spontaneous rupture of pancreatic pseudocyst into the abdominal cavity with a clinical picture of acute abdomen with radiologic pneumoperitoneum, which was treated with external drainage to the abdominal wall. Although treatment through endoscopic or percutaneous route is increasingly well established, here we report a rare case in which the surgical procedure became imperative.